Teacher Information
Prior to the fur trade era, Aboriginal Peoples were nomadic hunters whose diets consisted primarily of meat from buffalo, deer, caribou and other small animals, supplemented by berries and roots. They were also dependent on stone, bone, wood and leather for weapons, tools, housing and clothing.
When the fur trade began in Eastern Canada in the 17th century, traders slowly moved westward in search of more furs, primarily beaver pelts used to make hats for the Europeans. The first fur trading forts in what is now Alberta, were developed in the Athabasca region, due to the large number of lakes and rivers in the area. Initially, the three most important forts were Fort Chipewyan in the north, Rocky Mountain House and Fort Edmonton in the central region of the province. The early Hudson's Bay Company fur trade voyageurs were driven and courageous, venturing into unexplored lands. They initially relied on the Aboriginal People to share their knowledge of hunting and trapping, making moccasins, canoes and snowshoes. Aboriginal People also shared medicines and knowledge about trading with these first traders. Eventually, fur traders began to take advantage of Aboriginal People and their hospitality. The introduction of liquor introduced many problems for Aboriginal People and the effects have been long lasting, effecting many generations. Many Aboriginal traders would often exchange all they had for small quantities of rum and brandy.
Once the North West Company was formed in 1785 trading became even more fierce. However, in 1821 the two major companies merged and the use of liquor in trade negotiations with Aboriginal People was forbidden.
Introductory Activity
Read a story depicting the life of an early fur trader. Choose a story that describes daily activities and discusses why they are involved in the trade. Read another story that describes what life was like for Aboriginal People before or shortly after the arrival of European traders. This story can be adapted from an Elder's account. The purpose is to allow students to see the different beliefs, values and lifestyles of the two groups. A short video could also be shown.
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