Timeline

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10,000 B.C.
Ancient Blackfoot culture developing on the plains

982-1014
Norsemen set up outpost in North America and encounter Inuit, Beothuks and Mi’kmaqs

1450
Iroquois League of Five Nations is formed uniting the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca tribes

1492
Christopher Columbus arrives in North America

1497
John Cabot arrives off the east coast of Canada at what is now Newfoundland (subsequently claims this land for England)

1534-1541
Jacques Cartier explores the east coast of Canada and the St. Lawrence River and makes contact with Algonkian and Iroquoian speaking tribes. Reaches the present day towns of Quebec City and Montreal

1540
Horse brought to North America by the Spanish

1607
Samuel de Champlain establishes Quebec City

1609
Champlain fires a gun on the Iroquois during a war party. This is the first time they have seen a firearm. Subsequently, the Iroquois turn on the French for decades

1611
The first Jesuit missionaries arrive at Port Royal in what is now Nova Scotia

1670
The Hudson’s Bay Company is established and fur trading begins

1730s
The horse and gun come to the Blackfoot on the northern plains

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